----- > [!proposition] Proposition. ([[degree is sum of local degrees]]) > Suppose $f:\mathbb{S}^{d} \to \mathbb{S}^{d}$ such that $f^{-1}(\{ y \})=\{ x_{1},\dots,x_{k} \}$ is finite. Pick disjoint [[neighborhood|neighborhoods]] $U_{i}\ni x_{i}$, $U_{i} \subset \mathbb{S}^{d}$ open, such that each $f(U_{i}) \subset V$ for some open neighborhood $V \ni y$. Then the [[degree of a continuous map on the sphere|degree]] of $f$ equals the sum of [[local degree|local degrees]]: $\text{deg }f = \sum_{i=1}^{n}\text{deg}(f) |_{x_{i}}.$ ^proposition > [!basicexample] The most intuitive example is if $f:\mathbb{S}^{n} \to \mathbb{S}^{n}$ is [[covering space|covering map]]. E.g. if $n=1$, the proposition says that 'to compute the [[degree of a continuous map on the sphere|winding number]] of $f$, count how many times (with sign) $f$ winds around $\mathbb{S}^{1}. Duh! > To be precise: $y \in \mathbb{S}^{n}$ [[evenly covered]] by $V \ni y$ lifts under a $k$-sheeted [[covering space|covering map]] $f:\mathbb{S}^{n} \to \mathbb{S}^{n}$ to $\{ x_{1},\dots,x_{k} \}$ with the $x_{i}$ living in disjoint [[neighborhood|neighborhoods]] $U_{i} \xrightarrow{\cong, f |_{U_{i}} } V$. So $\text{deg }f$ is the sum of the degrees of each [[homeomorphism]] $f |_{U_{i}}$, i.e., a sum of $k$-many $1$s and $-1$s[^1]. To compute it, we can then look at how each individual sheet winds around the sphere, hence the slogan above. ^basic-example > [!proof]- Proof. ([[degree is sum of local degrees]]) > Making this clean is TODO. Here is the main diagram; one needs to track the isomorphisms. Summary: > - Look at pair from subtracting out all the $x_{i}$. Excise to get a direct sum of homologies. Then track $1$ through the isomorphisms. ![[Pasted image 20250513112843.png]] ----- #### [^1]: Any [[homeomorphism]] has degree $\pm 1$, because it induces an isomorphism $\mathbb{Z} \to \mathbb{Z}$. ---- #### References > [!backlink] > ```dataview > TABLE rows.file.link as "Further Reading" > FROM [[]] > FLATTEN file.tags as Tag > WHERE Tag = "#definition" OR Tag = "#theorem" OR Tag = "#MOC" OR Tag = "#proposition" OR Tag = "#axiom" > GROUP BY Tag > ``` > [!frontlink] > ```dataview > TABLE rows.file.link as "Further Reading" > FROM outgoing([[]]) > FLATTEN file.tags as Tag > WHERE Tag = "#definition" OR Tag = "#theorem" OR Tag = "#MOC" OR Tag = "#proposition" OR Tag = "#axiom" > GROUP BY Tag > ```