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> [!proposition] Proposition. ([[directed acyclic network has upper triangular adjacency matrix wrt vertical ordering]])
> Let $G$ be a [[network|directed]] [[acyclic network]]; give it the [[vertically ordering acyclic networks|vertical ordering]]. Then the [[adjacency matrix]] of $G$ is (strictly) [[upper-triangular matrix|upper-triangular]].
> [!basicexample]
> ![[CleanShot 2023-09-14 at 17.23.59@2x 1.jpg]]
> The above [[network]] has [[adjacency matrix]] $\begin{bmatrix}
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} \\
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} \\
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} \\
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} \\
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} \\
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} \\
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{white}{1} & \textcolor{white}{1} \\
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{lightgray}{0} \\
\textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0} & \textcolor{gray}{0}.
\end{bmatrix}$
> [!proof]- Proof. ([[directed acyclic network has upper triangular adjacency matrix wrt vertical ordering]])
> Recall that entry $ij$ of an [[adjacency matrix]] is $1$ iff node $j$ has an outgoing edge to node $i$. Because the [[vertically ordering acyclic networks|vertical ordering dictates]] each node of $G$ has outgoing edges exclusively to nodes of lower index, it is not possible for entry $ij$ of $A(G)$ to be $1$ whenever $i>j$.
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####
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#### References
> [!backlink]
> ```dataview
> TABLE rows.file.link as "Further Reading"
> FROM [[]]
> FLATTEN file.tags as Tag
> WHERE Tag = "#definition" OR Tag = "#theorem" OR Tag = "#MOC" OR Tag = "#proposition" OR Tag = "#axiom"
> GROUP BY Tag
> ```
> [!frontlink]
> ```dataview
> TABLE rows.file.link as "Further Reading"
> FROM outgoing([[]])
> FLATTEN file.tags as Tag
> WHERE Tag = "#definition" OR Tag = "#theorem" OR Tag = "#MOC" OR Tag = "#proposition" OR Tag = "#axiom"
> GROUP BY Tag
> ```